Jain tradition
Jain Agamas
Ardhamagadhi Prakrit · Sanskrit · influenced Gujarati and Kannada literature
The scriptures preserving the teachings of Mahavira, centred on ahimsa (non-violence), truthfulness and respect for every living being.
Language connection: Prakrit is an ancestor of many modern Indian languages; Jain scholars wrote some of the earliest Kannada and Gujarati literature.
Navkar Mantra · Reverence
णमो अरिहंताणं । णमो सिद्धाणं । णमो आयरियाणं । णमो उवज्झायाणं । णमो लोए सव्व साहूणं ॥
ṇamo arihantāṇaṁ · ṇamo siddhāṇaṁ · ṇamo āyariyāṇaṁ · ṇamo uvajjhāyāṇaṁ · ṇamo loe savva sāhūṇaṁ
- ṇamo
— - I bow to
- arihanta
— - those who conquered inner enemies
- siddha
— - the liberated souls
- āyariya
— - spiritual leaders
- uvajjhāya
— - teachers
- savva sāhū
— - all the saints of the world
English
I bow to the conquerors of inner enemies, to the liberated, to the spiritual leaders, to the teachers, and to all the saints in the world.
अरिहंतों को नमस्कार, सिद्धों को नमस्कार, आचार्यों को नमस्कार, उपाध्यायों को नमस्कार, लोक के सभी साधुओं को नमस्कार।
It honours qualities, not names — reverence for virtue wherever it is found.
Tattvartha Sutra 5.21 · Living for one another
परस्परोपग्रहो जीवानाम् ॥
parasparopagraho jīvānām
- paraspara
— - mutual, one another
- upagraha
— - support, help
- jīvānām
— - of living beings
English
The function of souls is to help one another.
जीवों का कार्य एक-दूसरे का उपकार करना है।
Four words that describe an ecosystem — every life supports another.
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