धृतराष्ट्र उवाच
धर्मक्षेत्रे कुरुक्षेत्रे समवेता युयुत्सवः।
मामकाः पाण्डवाश्चैव किमकुर्वत सञ्जय
dhṛitarāśhtra uvācha
dharma-kṣhetre kuru-kṣhetre samavetā yuyutsavaḥ
māmakāḥ pāṇḍavāśhchaiva kimakurvata sañjaya
Word by word
dhṛitarāśhtraḥ uvācha — Dhritarashtra saiddharma-kṣhetre — the land of dharmakuru-kṣhetre — at Kurukshetrasamavetāḥ — having gatheredyuyutsavaḥ — desiring to fightmāmakāḥ — my sonspāṇḍavāḥ — the sons of Panducha — andeva — certainlykim — whatakurvata — did they dosañjaya — Sanjay
English
Dhritarashtra said, "What did my people and the sons of Pandu do when they had assembled together, eager for battle, on the holy plain of Kurukshetra, O Sanjaya?"
धृतराष्ट्र ने कहा -- हे संजय ! धर्मभूमि कुरुक्षेत्र में एकत्र हुए युद्ध के इच्छुक (युयुत्सव:) मेरे और पाण्डु के पुत्रों ने क्या किया?
सञ्जय उवाच
दृष्ट्वा तु पाण्डवानीकं व्यूढं दुर्योधनस्तदा।
आचार्यमुपसङ्गम्य राजा वचनमब्रवीत्
sañjaya uvācha
dṛiṣhṭvā tu pāṇḍavānīkaṁ vyūḍhaṁ duryodhanastadā
āchāryamupasaṅgamya rājā vachanamabravīt
Word by word
sanjayaḥ uvācha — Sanjay saiddṛiṣhṭvā — on observingtu — butpāṇḍava-anīkam — the Pandava armyvyūḍham — standing in a military formationduryodhanaḥ — King Duryodhantadā — thenāchāryam — teacherupasaṅgamya — approachedrājā — the kingvachanam — wordsabravīt — spoke
English
Sanjaya said: Having seen the army of the Pandavas drawn up in battle array, King Duryodhana approached his teacher, Drona, and spoke these words.
संजय ने कहा -- पाण्डव-सैन्य की व्यूह रचना देखकर राजा दुर्योधन ने आचार्य द्रोण के पास जाकर ये वचन कहे।
पश्यैतां पाण्डुपुत्राणामाचार्य महतीं चमूम्।
व्यूढां द्रुपदपुत्रेण तव शिष्येण धीमता
paśhyaitāṁ pāṇḍu-putrāṇām āchārya mahatīṁ chamūm
vyūḍhāṁ drupada-putreṇa tava śhiṣhyeṇa dhīmatā
Word by word
paśhya — beholdetām — thispāṇḍu-putrāṇām — of the sons of Panduāchārya — respected teachermahatīm — mightychamūm — armyvyūḍhām — arrayed in a military formationdrupada-putreṇa — son of Drupad, Dhrishtadyumnatava — by yourśhiṣhyeṇa — discipledhī-matā — intelligent
English
Behold, O Teacher! This mighty army of the sons of Pandu, arrayed by the son of Drupada, thy wise disciple.
हे आचार्य ! आपके बुद्धिमान शिष्य द्रुपदपुत्र (धृष्टद्द्युम्न) द्वारा व्यूहाकार खड़ी की गयी पाण्डु पुत्रों की इस महती सेना को देखिये।
अत्र शूरा महेष्वासा भीमार्जुनसमा युधि।
युयुधानो विराटश्च द्रुपदश्च महारथः
atra śhūrā maheṣhvāsā bhīmārjuna-samā yudhi
yuyudhāno virāṭaśhcha drupadaśhcha mahā-rathaḥ
Word by word
atra — hereśhūrāḥ — powerful warriorsmahā-iṣhu-āsāḥ — great bowmenbhīma-arjuna-samāḥ — equal to Bheem and Arjunyudhi — in military prowessyuyudhānaḥ — Yuyudhanvirāṭaḥ — Viratcha — anddrupadaḥ — Drupadcha — alsomahā-rathaḥ — warriors who could single handedly match the strength of ten thousand ordinary warriors
English
Here are heroes, mighty archers, equal in battle to Bhima and Arjuna, Yuyudhana (Satyaki), Virata, and Drupada—all mighty warriors.
इस सेना में महान् धनुर्धारी शूर योद्धा है , जो युद्ध में भीम और अर्जुन के समान हैं , जैसे -- युयुधान, विराट तथा महारथी राजा द्रुपद।
धृष्टकेतुश्चेकितानः काशिराजश्च वीर्यवान्।
पुरुजित्कुन्तिभोजश्च शैब्यश्च नरपुङ्गवः
dhṛiṣhṭaketuśhchekitānaḥ kāśhirājaśhcha vīryavān
purujit kuntibhojaśhcha śhaibyaśhcha nara-puṅgavaḥ
yudhāmanyuśhcha vikrānta uttamaujāśhcha vīryavān
Word by word
dhṛiṣhṭaketuḥ — Dhrishtaketuchekitānaḥ — Chekitankāśhirājaḥ — Kashirajcha — andvīrya-vān — heroicpurujit — Purujitkuntibhojaḥ — Kuntibhojcha — andśhaibyaḥ — Shaibyacha — andnara-puṅgavaḥ — best of menyudhāmanyuḥ — Yudhamanyucha — andvikrāntaḥ — courageousuttamaujāḥ — Uttamaujacha — andvīrya-vān — gallant
English
Dhrishtaketu, Chekitana, the valiant king of Kasi, Purujit, Kuntibhoja, and Saibya—the best of men.
धृष्टकेतु, चेकितान, बलवान काशिराज, पुरुजित्, कुन्तिभोज और मनुष्यों में श्रेष्ठ शैब्य।
युधामन्युश्च विक्रान्त उत्तमौजाश्च वीर्यवान्।
सौभद्रो द्रौपदेयाश्च सर्व एव महारथाः
saubhadro draupadeyāśhcha sarva eva mahā-rathāḥ
Word by word
saubhadraḥ — the son of Subhadradraupadeyāḥ — the sons of Draupadicha — andsarve — alleva — indeedmahā-rathāḥ — warriors who could single handedly match the strength of ten thousand ordinary warriors
English
The strong Yudhamanyu and the brave Uttamaujas, the son of Subhadra (Abhimanyu, the son of Subhadra and Arjuna), and the sons of Draupadi, all of them great charioteers (great heroes)."
पराक्रमी युधामन्यु, बलवान् उत्तमौजा, सुभद्रापुत्र (अभिमन्यु) और द्रोपदी के पुत्र -- ये सब महारथी हैं।
अस्माकं तु विशिष्टा ये तान्निबोध द्विजोत्तम।
नायका मम सैन्यस्य संज्ञार्थं तान्ब्रवीमि ते
asmākaṁ tu viśhiṣhṭā ye tānnibodha dwijottama
nāyakā mama sainyasya sanjñārthaṁ tānbravīmi te
Word by word
asmākam — ourstu — butviśhiṣhṭāḥ — specialye — whotān — themnibodha — be informeddwija-uttama — best of Brahmnisnāyakāḥ — principal generalsmama — oursainyasya — of armysanjñā-artham — for informationtān — thembravīmi — I recountte — unto you
English
Know also, O best among the twice-born! the names of those who are the most distinguished amongst ourselves, the leaders of my army; these I name to you for your information.
हे द्विजोत्तम ! हमारे पक्ष में भी जो विशिष्ट योद्धागण हैं , उनको आप जान लीजिये; आपकी जानकारी के लिये अपनी सेना के नायकों के नाम मैं आपको बताता हूँ।
भवान्भीष्मश्च कर्णश्च कृपश्च समितिञ्जयः।
अश्वत्थामा विकर्णश्च सौमदत्तिस्तथैव च
bhavānbhīṣhmaśhcha karṇaśhcha kṛipaśhcha samitiñjayaḥ
aśhvatthāmā vikarṇaśhcha saumadattis tathaiva cha
Word by word
bhavān — yourselfbhīṣhmaḥ — Bheeshmacha — andkarṇaḥ — Karnacha — andkṛipaḥ — Kripacha — andsamitim-jayaḥ — victorious in battleaśhvatthāmā — Ashvatthamavikarṇaḥ — Vikarnacha — andsaumadattiḥ — Bhurishravatathā — thuseva — evencha — also
English
"Thou thyself, Bhishma, Karna, Kripa, the victorious in war, Asvatthama, Vikarna, and Bhurisrava, the son of Somadatta—all these are ready for battle."
एक तो स्वयं आप, भीष्म, कर्ण, और युद्ध विजयी कृपाचार्य तथा अश्वत्थामा, विकर्ण और सोमदत्त का पुत्र है।
अन्ये च बहवः शूरा मदर्थे त्यक्तजीविताः।
नानाशस्त्रप्रहरणाः सर्वे युद्धविशारदाः
anye cha bahavaḥ śhūrā madarthe tyaktajīvitāḥ
nānā-śhastra-praharaṇāḥ sarve yuddha-viśhāradāḥ
Word by word
anye — otherscha — alsobahavaḥ — manyśhūrāḥ — heroic warriorsmat-arthe — for my saketyakta-jīvitāḥ — prepared to lay down their livesnānā-śhastra-praharaṇāḥ — equipped with various kinds of weaponssarve — allyuddha-viśhāradāḥ — skilled in the art of warfare
English
And also many other heroes, ready to give up their lives for my sake, armed with various weapons and missiles, all well-skilled in battle.
मेरे लिए प्राण त्याग करने के लिए तैयार, अनेक प्रकार के शस्त्रास्त्रों से सुसज्जित तथा युद्ध में कुशल और भी अनेक शूर वीर हैं।
अपर्याप्तं तदस्माकं बलं भीष्माभिरक्षितम्।
पर्याप्तं त्विदमेतेषां बलं भीमाभिरक्षितम्
aparyāptaṁ tadasmākaṁ balaṁ bhīṣhmābhirakṣhitam
paryāptaṁ tvidameteṣhāṁ balaṁ bhīmābhirakṣhitam
Word by word
aparyāptam — unlimitedtat — thatasmākam — oursbalam — strengthbhīṣhma — by Grandsire Bheeshmaabhirakṣhitam — safely marshalledparyāptam — limitedtu — butidam — thiseteṣhām — theirbalam — strengthbhīma — Bheemabhirakṣhitam — carefully marshalled
English
Our army, marshalled by Bhishma, is insufficient, whereas theirs, marshalled by Bhima, is sufficient.
भीष्म के द्वारा हमारी रक्षित सेना अपर्याप्त है; किन्तु भीम द्वारा रक्षित उनकी सेना पर्याप्त है अथवा, भीष्म के द्वारा रक्षित हमारी सेना अपरिमित है किन्तु भीम के द्वारा रक्षित उनकी सेना परिमित ही है।
अयनेषु च सर्वेषु यथाभागमवस्थिताः।
भीष्ममेवाभिरक्षन्तु भवन्तः सर्व एव हि
ayaneṣhu cha sarveṣhu yathā-bhāgamavasthitāḥ
bhīṣhmamevābhirakṣhantu bhavantaḥ sarva eva hi
Word by word
ayaneṣhu — at the strategic pointscha — alsosarveṣhu — allyathā-bhāgam — in respective positionavasthitāḥ — situatedbhīṣhmam — to Grandsire Bheeshmaeva — onlyabhirakṣhantu — defendbhavantaḥ — yousarve — alleva hi — even as
English
Therefore, do all of you, stationed in your respective positions in the several divisions of the army, protect Bhishma alone.
विभिन्न मोर्चों पर अपने-अपने स्थान पर स्थित रहते हुए आप सब लोग भीष्म पितामह की ही सब ओर से रक्षा करें।
तस्य संजनयन्हर्षं कुरुवृद्धः पितामहः।
सिंहनादं विनद्योच्चैः शङ्खं दध्मौ प्रतापवान्
tasya sañjanayan harṣhaṁ kuru-vṛiddhaḥ pitāmahaḥ
siṁha-nādaṁ vinadyochchaiḥ śhaṅkhaṁ dadhmau pratāpavān
Word by word
tasya — hissañjanayan — causingharṣham — joykuru-vṛiddhaḥ — the grand old man of the Kuru dynasty (Bheeshma)pitāmahaḥ — grandfathersinha-nādam — lion’s roarvinadya — soundinguchchaiḥ — very loudlyśhaṅkham — conch shelldadhmau — blewpratāpa-vān — the glorious
English
His glorious grandsire, the oldest of the Kauravas, roared like a lion to cheer Duryodhana and blew his conch.
उस समय कौरवों में वृद्ध, प्रतापी पितामह भीष्म ने उस (दुर्योधन) के हृदय में हर्ष उत्पन्न करते हुये उच्च स्वर में गरज कर शंखध्वनि की।
ततः शङ्खाश्च भेर्यश्च पणवानकगोमुखाः।
सहसैवाभ्यहन्यन्त स शब्दस्तुमुलोऽभवत्
tataḥ śhaṅkhāśhcha bheryaśhcha paṇavānaka-gomukhāḥ
sahasaivābhyahanyanta sa śhabdastumulo ’bhavat
Word by word
tataḥ — thereafterśhaṅkhāḥ — conchescha — andbheryaḥ — buglescha — andpaṇava-ānaka — drums and kettledrumsgo-mukhāḥ — trumpetssahasā — suddenlyeva — indeedabhyahanyanta — blared forthsaḥ — thatśhabdaḥ — soundtumulaḥ — overwhelmingabhavat — was
English
Then, suddenly, conches, kettledrums, tabors, drums, and cow horns blared forth from the Kaurava side, and the sound was tremendous.
तत्पश्चात् शंख, नगारे, ढोल व शृंगी आदि वाद्य एक साथ ही बज उठे, जिनका बड़ा भयंकर शब्द हुआ।
ततः श्वेतैर्हयैर्युक्ते महति स्यन्दने स्थितौ।
माधवः पाण्डवश्चैव दिव्यौ शङ्खौ प्रदध्मतुः
tataḥ śhvetairhayairyukte mahati syandane sthitau
mādhavaḥ pāṇḍavaśhchaiva divyau śhaṅkhau pradadhmatuḥ
Word by word
tataḥ — thenśhvetaiḥ — by whitehayaiḥ — horsesyukte — yokedmahati — glorioussyandane — chariotsthitau — seatedmādhavaḥ — Shree Krishna, the husband of the goddess of fortune, Lakshmipāṇḍavaḥ — Arjuncha — andeva — alsodivyau — Divineśhaṅkhau — conch shellspradadhmatuḥ — blew
English
Then, Madhava (Krishna) and the son of Pandu (Arjuna), seated in the magnificent chariot yoked with white horses, blew divine conches.
इसके उपरान्त श्वेत अश्वों से युक्त भव्य रथ में बैठे हुये माधव (श्रीकृष्ण) और पाण्डुपुत्र अर्जुन ने भी अपने दिव्य शंख बजाये।
पाञ्चजन्यं हृषीकेशो देवदत्तं धनंजयः।
पौण्ड्रं दध्मौ महाशङ्खं भीमकर्मा वृकोदरः
pāñchajanyaṁ hṛiṣhīkeśho devadattaṁ dhanañjayaḥ
pauṇḍraṁ dadhmau mahā-śhaṅkhaṁ bhīma-karmā vṛikodaraḥ
Word by word
pāñchajanyam — the conch shell named Panchajanyahṛiṣhīka-īśhaḥ — Shree Krishna, the Lord of the mind and sensesdevadattam — the conch shell named Devaduttadhanam-jayaḥ — Arjun, the winner of wealthpauṇḍram — the conch named Paundradadhmau — blewmahā-śhaṅkham — mighty conchbhīma-karmā — one who performs herculean tasksvṛika-udaraḥ — Bheem, the voracious eater
English
Hrishikesha blew the Panchajanya, Arjuna blew the Devadatta, and Bhima, the wolf-bellied doer of terrible deeds, blew the great conch Paundra.
भगवान् हृषीकेश ने पांचजन्य, धनंजय (अर्जुन) ने देवदत्त तथा भयंकर कर्म करने वाले भीम ने पौण्डू नामक महाशंख बजाया।
अनन्तविजयं राजा कुन्तीपुत्रो युधिष्ठिरः।
नकुलः सहदेवश्च सुघोषमणिपुष्पकौ
anantavijayaṁ rājā kuntī-putro yudhiṣhṭhiraḥ
nakulaḥ sahadevaśhcha sughoṣha-maṇipuṣhpakau
Word by word
ananta-vijayam — the conch named Anantavijayrājā — kingkuntī-putraḥ — son of Kuntiyudhiṣhṭhiraḥ — Yudhishthirnakulaḥ — Nakulsahadevaḥ — Sahadevcha — andsughoṣha-maṇipuṣhpakau — the conche shells named Sughosh and Manipushpak
English
King Yudhishthira, the son of Kunti, blew the Anantavijaya; Nakula and Sahadeva blew the Sughosha and the Manipushpaka.
कुन्तीपुत्र राजा युधिष्ठिर ने अनन्त विजय नामक शंख और नकुल व सहदेव ने क्रमश: सुघोष और मणिपुष्पक नामक शंख बजाये।
काश्यश्च परमेष्वासः शिखण्डी च महारथः।
धृष्टद्युम्नो विराटश्च सात्यकिश्चापराजितः
kāśhyaśhcha parameṣhvāsaḥ śhikhaṇḍī cha mahā-rathaḥ
dhṛiṣhṭadyumno virāṭaśhcha sātyakiśh chāparājitaḥ
Word by word
kāśhyaḥ — King of Kashicha — andparama-iṣhu-āsaḥ — the excellent archerśhikhaṇḍī — Shikhandicha — alsomahā-rathaḥ — warriors who could single handedly match the strength of ten thousand ordinary warriorsdhṛiṣhṭadyumnaḥ — Dhrishtadyumnavirāṭaḥ — Viratcha — andsātyakiḥ — Satyakicha — andaparājitaḥ — invincible
English
The king of Kasi, an excellent archer, Sikhandi, the mighty car-warrior, Dhrishtadyumna, Virata, and Satyaki, the unconquered.
श्रेष्ठ धनुषवाले काशिराज, महारथी शिखण्डी, धृष्टद्युम्न, राजा विराट और अजेय सात्यकि।
द्रुपदो द्रौपदेयाश्च सर्वशः पृथिवीपते।
सौभद्रश्च महाबाहुः शङ्खान्दध्मुः पृथक्पृथक्
drupado draupadeyāśhcha sarvaśhaḥ pṛithivī-pate
saubhadraśhcha mahā-bāhuḥ śhaṅkhāndadhmuḥ pṛithak pṛithak
Word by word
drupadaḥ — Drupaddraupadeyāḥ — the five sons of Draupadicha — andsarvaśhaḥ — allpṛithivī-pate — Ruler of the earthsaubhadraḥ — Abhimanyu, the son of Subhadracha — alsomahā-bāhuḥ — the mighty-armedśhaṅkhān — conch shellsdadhmuḥ — blewpṛithak pṛithak — individually
English
Drupada and the sons of Draupadi, O Lord of the Earth, and the son of Subhadra, the mighty-armed, blew their conches each separately.
हे राजन् ! राजा द्रुपद, द्रौपदी के पुत्र और महाबाहु सौभद्र (अभिमन्यु) इन सब ने अलग-अलग शंख बजाये।
स घोषो धार्तराष्ट्राणां हृदयानि व्यदारयत्।
नभश्च पृथिवीं चैव तुमुलो व्यनुनादयन्
sa ghoṣho dhārtarāṣhṭrāṇāṁ hṛidayāni vyadārayat
nabhaśhcha pṛithivīṁ chaiva tumulo nunādayan
Word by word
saḥ — thatghoṣhaḥ — sounddhārtarāṣhṭrāṇām — of Dhritarashtra’s sonshṛidayāni — heartsvyadārayat — shatterednabhaḥ — the skycha — andpṛithivīm — the earthcha — andeva — certainlytumulaḥ — terrific soundabhyanunādayan — thundering
English
The tumultuous sound rent the hearts of Dhritarashtra's party, reverberating through both heaven and earth.
वह भयंकर घोष आकाश और पृथ्वी पर गूँजने लगा और उसने धृतराष्ट्र के पुत्रों के हृदय विदीर्ण कर दिये।
अथ व्यवस्थितान् दृष्ट्वा धार्तराष्ट्रान्कपिध्वजः।
प्रवृत्ते शस्त्रसंपाते धनुरुद्यम्य पाण्डवः
atha vyavasthitān dṛiṣhṭvā dhārtarāṣhṭrān kapi-dhwajaḥ
pravṛitte śhastra-sampāte dhanurudyamya pāṇḍavaḥ
hṛiṣhīkeśhaṁ tadā vākyam idam āha mahī-pate
Word by word
atha — thereuponvyavasthitān — arrayeddṛiṣhṭvā — seeingdhārtarāṣhṭrān — Dhritarashtra’s sonskapi-dwajaḥ — the Monkey Banneredpravṛitte — about to commenceśhastra-sampāte — to use the weaponsdhanuḥ — bowudyamya — taking uppāṇḍavaḥ — Arjun, the son of Panduhṛiṣhīkeśham — to Shree Krishnatadā — at that timevākyam — wordsidam — theseāha — saidmahī-pate — King
English
Then, seeing the people of Dhritarashtra's party standing arrayed and the discharge of weapons about to begin, Arjuna, the son of Pandu whose ensign was a monkey, took up his bow and said the following to Krishna, O Lord of the Earth.
हे महीपते ! इस प्रकार जब युद्ध प्रारम्भ होने वाला ही था कि कपिध्वज अर्जुन ने धृतराष्ट्र के पुत्रों को स्थित देखकर धनुष उठाकर भगवान् हृषीकेश से ये शब्द कहे।
अर्जुन उवाच
हृषीकेशं तदा वाक्यमिदमाह महीपते।
सेनयोरुभयोर्मध्ये रथं स्थापय मेऽच्युत
arjuna uvācha
senayor ubhayor madhye rathaṁ sthāpaya me ’chyuta
Word by word
arjunaḥ uvācha — Arjun saidsenayoḥ — armiesubhayoḥ — bothmadhye — in the middleratham — chariotsthāpaya — placeme — myachyuta — Shree Krishna, the infallible One
English
Arjuna said, "O Krishna, place my chariot in the middle between the two armies, so that I may behold those who stand here, desirous to fight, and know with whom I must fight when the battle is about to commence."
अर्जुन ने कहा -- हे! अच्युत मेरे रथ को दोनों सेनाओं के मध्य खड़ा कीजिये।
यावदेतान्निरीक्षेऽहं योद्धुकामानवस्थितान्।
कैर्मया सह योद्धव्यमस्मिन्रणसमुद्यमे
yāvadetān nirīkṣhe ’haṁ yoddhu-kāmān avasthitān
kairmayā saha yoddhavyam asmin raṇa-samudyame
Word by word
yāvat — as many asetān — thesenirīkṣhe — lookaham — Iyoddhu-kāmān — for the battleavasthitān — arrayedkaiḥ — with whommayā — by mesaha — togetheryoddhavyam — must fightasmin — in thisraṇa-samudyame — great combat
English
Arjuna said, "O Krishna, place my chariot in the middle between the two armies, so that I may behold those who stand here, desirous to fight, and know with whom I must fight when the battle is about to commence."
जिससे मैं युद्ध की इच्छा से खड़े इन लोगों का निरीक्षण कर सकूँ कि इस युद्ध में मुझे किनके साथ युद्ध करना है।
योत्स्यमानानवेक्षेऽहं य एतेऽत्र समागताः।
धार्तराष्ट्रस्य दुर्बुद्धेर्युद्धे प्रियचिकीर्षवः
yotsyamānān avekṣhe ’haṁ ya ete ’tra samāgatāḥ
dhārtarāṣhṭrasya durbuddher yuddhe priya-chikīrṣhavaḥ
Word by word
yotsyamānān — those who have come to fightavekṣhe aham — I desire to seeye — whoete — thoseatra — heresamāgatāḥ — assembleddhārtarāṣhṭrasya — of Dhritarashtra’s sondurbuddheḥ — evil-mindedyuddhe — in the fightpriya-chikīrṣhavaḥ — wishing to please
English
For I desire to observe those who are assembled here to fight, wishing to please in battle the evil-minded Duryodhana—the son of Dhritarashtra.
दुर्बुद्धि धार्तराष्ट्र (दुर्योधन) का युद्ध में प्रिय चाहने वाले जो ये राजा लोग यहाँ एकत्र हुए हैं, उन युद्ध करने वालों को मैं देखूँगा।
संजय उवाच
एवमुक्तो हृषीकेशो गुडाकेशेन भारत।
सेनयोरुभयोर्मध्ये स्थापयित्वा रथोत्तमम्
sañjaya uvācha
evam ukto hṛiṣhīkeśho guḍākeśhena bhārata
senayor ubhayor madhye sthāpayitvā rathottamam
Word by word
sañjayaḥ uvācha — Sanjay saidevam — thusuktaḥ — addressedhṛiṣhīkeśhaḥ — Shree Krishna, the Lord of the sensesguḍākeśhena — by Arjun, the conqueror of sleepbhārata — descendant of Bharatsenayoḥ — armiesubhayoḥ — the twomadhye — betweensthāpayitvā — having drawnratha-uttamam — magnificent chariot
English
Sanjaya said, Thus addressed by Arjuna, Krishna stationed the best of chariots, O Dhritarashtra, in the midst of the two armies.
संजय ने कहा -- हे भारत (धृतराष्ट्र) ! अर्जुन के इस प्रकार कहने पर भगवान् हृषीकेश ने दोनों सेनाओं के मध्य उत्तम रथ को खड़ा करके।
भीष्मद्रोणप्रमुखतः सर्वेषां च महीक्षिताम्।
उवाच पार्थ पश्यैतान्समवेतान्कुरूनिति
bhīṣhma-droṇa-pramukhataḥ sarveṣhāṁ cha mahī-kṣhitām
uvācha pārtha paśhyaitān samavetān kurūn iti
Word by word
bhīṣhma — Grandsire Bheeshmadroṇa — Dronacharyapramukhataḥ — in the presencesarveṣhām — allcha — andmahī-kṣhitām — other kingsuvācha — saidpārtha — Arjun, the son of Prithapaśhya — beholdetān — thesesamavetān — gatheredkurūn — descendants of Kuruiti — thus
English
In front of Bhishma and Drona, and all the rulers of the earth, he said: "O Arjuna, son of Pritha, behold these Kurus gathered together."
भीष्म, द्रोण तथा पृथ्वी के समस्त शासकों के समक्ष उन्होंने कहा, "हे पार्थ यहाँ एकत्र हुये कौरवों को देखो"।
तत्रापश्यत्स्थितान्पार्थः पितृ़नथ पितामहान्।
आचार्यान्मातुलान्भ्रातृ़न्पुत्रान्पौत्रान्सखींस्तथा
tatrāpaśhyat sthitān pārthaḥ pitṝīn atha pitāmahān
āchāryān mātulān bhrātṝīn putrān pautrān sakhīṁs tathā
śhvaśhurān suhṛidaśh chaiva senayor ubhayor api
Word by word
tatra — thereapaśhyat — sawsthitān — stationedpārthaḥ — Arjunpitṝīn — fathersatha — thereafterpitāmahān — grandfathersāchāryān — teachersmātulān — maternal unclesbhrātṝīn — brothersputrān — sonspautrān — grandsonssakhīn — friendstathā — alsośhvaśhurān — fathers-in-lawsuhṛidaḥ — well-wisherscha — andeva — indeedsenayoḥ — armiesubhayoḥ — in both armiesapi — also
English
Then, Arjuna (son of Pritha) saw there (in the armies) stationed fathers, grandfathers, teachers, maternal uncles, brothers, sons, grandsons, and friends.
वहाँ अर्जुन ने उन दोनों सेनाओं में खड़े पिता के भाइयों, पितामहों, आचार्यों, मामों, भाइयों, पुत्रों, पौत्रों, मित्रों, श्वसुरों और सुहृदों को भी देखा।
श्वशुरान्सुहृदश्चैव सेनयोरुभयोरपि।
तान्समीक्ष्य स कौन्तेयः सर्वान्बन्धूनवस्थितान्
tān samīkṣhya sa kaunteyaḥ sarvān bandhūn avasthitān
kṛipayā parayāviṣhṭo viṣhīdann idam abravīt
Word by word
tān — thesesamīkṣhya — on seeingsaḥ — theykaunteyaḥ — Arjun, the son of Kuntisarvān — allbandhūn — relativesavasthitān — presentkṛipayā — by compassionparayā — greatāviṣhṭaḥ — overwhelmedviṣhīdan — deep sorrowidam — thisabravīt — spoke
English
He saw fathers-in-law and friends in both the armies. The son of Kunti, Arjuna, seeing all those kinsmen thus standing arrayed, spoke sorrowfully, deeply filled with pity.
इस प्रकार उन सब बन्धु-बान्धवों को खड़े देखकर कुन्ती पुत्र अर्जुन का मन करुणा से भर गया और विषादयुक्त होकर उसने यह कहा।
अर्जुन उवाच
कृपया परयाऽऽविष्टो विषीदन्निदमब्रवीत्।
दृष्ट्वेमं स्वजनं कृष्ण युयुत्सुं समुपस्थितम्
arjuna uvācha
dṛiṣhṭvemaṁ sva-janaṁ kṛiṣhṇa yuyutsuṁ samupasthitam
Word by word
arjunaḥ uvācha — Arjun saiddṛiṣhṭvā — on seeingimam — thesesva-janam — kinsmenkṛiṣhṇa — Krishnayuyutsum — eager to fightsamupasthitam — present
English
Arjuna said, "O Krishna, seeing my kinsmen arrayed here, eager to fight,
।।1.28 1.29।।अर्जुन ने कहा -- हे कृष्ण ! युद्ध की इच्छा रखकर उपस्थित हुए इन स्वजनों को देखकर मेरे अंग शिथिल हुये जाते हैं, मुख भी सूख रहा है और मेरे शरीर में कम्प तथा रोमांच हो रहा है।।
सीदन्ति मम गात्राणि मुखं च परिशुष्यति।
वेपथुश्च शरीरे मे रोमहर्षश्च जायते
sīdanti mama gātrāṇi mukhaṁ cha pariśhuṣhyati
vepathuśh cha śharīre me roma-harṣhaśh cha jāyate
Word by word
sīdanti — quiveringmama — mygātrāṇi — limbsmukham — mouthcha — andpariśhuṣhyati — is drying up
vepathuḥ—shudderingcha — andśharīre — on the bodyme — myroma-harṣhaḥ — standing of bodily hair on endcha — alsojāyate — is happening
English
My limbs fail, my mouth is parched, my body quivers, and my hair stands on end.
।।1.28 1.29।।अर्जुन ने कहा -- हे कृष्ण ! युद्ध की इच्छा रखकर उपस्थित हुए इन स्वजनों को देखकर मेरे अंग शिथिल हुये जाते हैं, मुख भी सूख रहा है और मेरे शरीर में कम्प तथा रोमांच हो रहा है।
गाण्डीवं स्रंसते हस्तात्त्वक्चैव परिदह्यते।
न च शक्नोम्यवस्थातुं भ्रमतीव च मे मनः
gāṇḍīvaṁ sraṁsate hastāt tvak chaiva paridahyate
na cha śhaknomy avasthātuṁ bhramatīva cha me manaḥ
Word by word
gāṇḍīvam — Arjun’s bowsraṁsate — is slippinghastāt — from (my) handtvak — skincha — andeva — indeedparidahyate — is burning all overna — notcha — andśhaknomi — am ableavasthātum — remain steadybhramati iva — whirling likecha — andme — mymanaḥ — mind
English
The Gandiva slips from my hand, and my skin burns all over; I am unable to stand, and my mind is reeling, as it were.
मेरे हाथ से गाण्डीव (धनुष) गिर रहा है और त्वचा जल रही है। मेरा मन भ्रमित सा हो रहा है, और मैं खड़े रहने में असमर्थ हूँ।
निमित्तानि च पश्यामि विपरीतानि केशव।
न च श्रेयोऽनुपश्यामि हत्वा स्वजनमाहवे
nimittāni cha paśhyāmi viparītāni keśhava
na cha śhreyo ’nupaśhyāmi hatvā sva-janam āhave
Word by word
nimittāni — omenscha — andpaśhyāmi — I seeviparītāni — misfortunekeśhava — Shree Krishna, killer of the Keshi demonna — notcha — alsośhreyaḥ — goodanupaśhyāmi — I foreseehatvā — from killingsva-janam — kinsmenāhave — in battle
English
And I see ill omens, O Kesava. I do not see any good in slaying my kinsmen in battle.
हे केशव ! मैं शकुनों को भी विपरीत ही देख रहा हूँ और युद्ध में (आहवे) अपने स्वजनों को मारकर कोई कल्याण भी नहीं देखता हूँ।
न काङ्क्षे विजयं कृष्ण न च राज्यं सुखानि च।
किं नो राज्येन गोविन्द किं भोगैर्जीवितेन वा
na kāṅkṣhe vijayaṁ kṛiṣhṇa na cha rājyaṁ sukhāni cha
kiṁ no rājyena govinda kiṁ bhogair jīvitena vā
Word by word
na — norkāṅkṣhe — do I desirevijayam — victorykṛiṣhṇa — Krishnana — norcha — as wellrājyam — kingdomsukhāni — happinesscha — alsokim — whatnaḥ — to usrājyena — by kingdomgovinda — Krishna, he who gives pleasure to the senses, he who is fond of cowskim — what?bhogaiḥ — pleasuresjīvitena — lifevā — or
English
I desire not victory, O Krishna, nor kingdom, nor pleasures.
What use is dominion to us, O Krishna, or pleasures or even life?
हे कृष्ण ! मैं न विजय चाहता हूँ, न राज्य और न सुखों को ही चाहता हूँ। हे गोविन्द ! हमें राज्य से अथवा भोगों से और जीने से भी क्या प्रयोजन है?।
येषामर्थे काङ्क्षितं नो राज्यं भोगाः सुखानि च।
त इमेऽवस्थिता युद्धे प्राणांस्त्यक्त्वा धनानि च
yeṣhām arthe kāṅkṣhitaṁ no rājyaṁ bhogāḥ sukhāni cha
ta ime ’vasthitā yuddhe prāṇāṁs tyaktvā dhanāni cha
Word by word
yeṣhām — for whosearthe — sakekāṅkṣhitam — coveted fornaḥ — by usrājyam — kingdombhogāḥ — pleasuressukhāni — happinesscha — alsote — theyime — theseavasthitāḥ — situatedyuddhe — for battleprāṇān — livestyaktvā — giving updhanāni — wealthcha — also
English
Those for whose sake we desire kingdom, enjoyments, and pleasures stand here in battle, having renounced life and wealth.
हमें जिनके लिये राज्य, भोग और सुखादि की इच्छा है, वे ही लोग धन और जीवन की आशा को त्यागकर युद्ध में खड़े हैं।
आचार्याः पितरः पुत्रास्तथैव च पितामहाः।
मातुलाः श्चशुराः पौत्राः श्यालाः सम्बन्धिनस्तथा
āchāryāḥ pitaraḥ putrās tathaiva cha pitāmahāḥ
mātulāḥ śhvaśhurāḥ pautrāḥ śhyālāḥ sambandhinas tathā
Word by word
āchāryāḥ — teacherspitaraḥ — fathersputrāḥ — sonstathā — as welleva — indeedcha — alsopitāmahāḥ — grandfathersmātulāḥ — maternal unclesśhvaśhurāḥ — fathers-in-lawpautrāḥ — grandsonsśhyālāḥ — brothers-in-lawsambandhinaḥ — kinsmentathā — as well
English
Teachers, fathers, sons, and grandfathers, maternal uncles, fathers-in-law, grandsons, brothers-in-law, and other relatives—
वे लोग गुरुजन, ताऊ, चाचा, पुत्र, पितामह, श्वसुर, पोते, श्यालक तथा अन्य सम्बन्धी हैं।
एतान्न हन्तुमिच्छामि घ्नतोऽपि मधुसूदन।
अपि त्रैलोक्यराज्यस्य हेतोः किं नु महीकृते
etān na hantum ichchhāmi ghnato ’pi madhusūdana
api trailokya-rājyasya hetoḥ kiṁ nu mahī-kṛite
Word by word
etān — thesena — nothantum — to slayichchhāmi — I wishghnataḥ — killedapi — even thoughmadhusūdana — Shree Krishna, killer of the demon Madhuapi — even thoughtrai-lokya-rājyasya — dominion over three worldshetoḥ — for the sake ofkim nu — what to speak ofmahī-kṛite — for the earth
English
These I do not wish to kill, O Krishna, even though they kill me, for the sake of dominion over the three worlds; leave alone killing them for the sake of the earth."
हे मधुसूदन ! इनके मुझे मारने पर अथवा त्रैलोक्य के राज्य के लिये भी मैं इनको मारना नहीं चाहता, फिर पृथ्वी के लिए कहना ही क्या है।
निहत्य धार्तराष्ट्रान्नः का प्रीतिः स्याज्जनार्दन।
पापमेवाश्रयेदस्मान्हत्वैतानाततायिनः
nihatya dhārtarāṣhṭrān naḥ kā prītiḥ syāj janārdana
pāpam evāśhrayed asmān hatvaitān ātatāyinaḥ
Word by word
nihatya — by killingdhārtarāṣhṭrān — the sons of Dhritarashtranaḥ — ourkā — whatprītiḥ — pleasuresyāt — will there bejanārdana — he who looks after the public, Shree Krishnapāpam — viceseva — certainlyāśhrayet — must come uponasmān — ushatvā — by killingetān — all theseātatāyinaḥ — aggressors
English
By killing these sons of Dhritarashtra, what pleasure could be ours, O Janardana? Only sin would accrue to us from killing these felons.
हे जनार्दन ! धृतराष्ट्र के पुत्रों की हत्या करके हमें क्या प्रसन्नता होगी? इन आततायियों को मारकर तो हमें केवल पाप ही लगेगा।
तस्मान्नार्हा वयं हन्तुं धार्तराष्ट्रान्स्वबान्धवान्।
स्वजनं हि कथं हत्वा सुखिनः स्याम माधव
tasmān nārhā vayaṁ hantuṁ dhārtarāṣhṭrān sa-bāndhavān
sva-janaṁ hi kathaṁ hatvā sukhinaḥ syāma mādhava
Word by word
tasmāt — hencena — neverarhāḥ — behoovevayam — wehantum — to killdhārtarāṣhṭrān — the sons of Dhritarashtrasva-bāndhavān — along with friendssva-janam — kinsmenhi — certainlykatham — howhatvā — by killingsukhinaḥ — happysyāma — will we becomemādhava — Shree Krishna, the husband of Yogmaya
English
Therefore, we should not kill the sons of Dhritarashtra, our relatives; for how can we be happy by killing our own kin, O Madhava (Krishna)?
हे माधव ! इसलिये अपने बान्धव धृतराष्ट्र के पुत्रों को मारना हमारे लिए योग्य नहीं है, क्योंकि स्वजनों को मारकर हम कैसे सुखी होंगे।
यद्यप्येते न पश्यन्ति लोभोपहतचेतसः।
कुलक्षयकृतं दोषं मित्रद्रोहे च पातकम्
yady apy ete na paśhyanti lobhopahata-chetasaḥ
kula-kṣhaya-kṛitaṁ doṣhaṁ mitra-drohe cha pātakam
Word by word
yadi api — even thoughete — theyna — notpaśhyanti — seelobha — greedupahata — overpoweredchetasaḥ — thoughtskula-kṣhaya-kṛitam — in annihilating their relativesdoṣham — faultmitra-drohe — to wreak treachery upon friendscha — andpātakam — sin
English
Though they, with intelligence overpowered by greed, see no evil in the destruction of families and no sin in hostility to friends,
यद्यपि लोभ से भ्रष्टचित्त हुये ये लोग कुलनाशकृत दोष और मित्र द्रोह में पाप नहीं देखते हैं।
कथं न ज्ञेयमस्माभिः पापादस्मान्निवर्तितुम्।
कुलक्षयकृतं दोषं प्रपश्यद्भिर्जनार्दन
kathaṁ na jñeyam asmābhiḥ pāpād asmān nivartitum
kula-kṣhaya-kṛitaṁ doṣhaṁ prapaśhyadbhir janārdana
Word by word
katham — whyna — notjñeyam — should be knownasmābhiḥ — wepāpāt — from sinasmāt — thesenivartitum — to turn awaykula-kṣhaya — killing the kinderedkṛitam — donedoṣham — crimeprapaśhyadbhiḥ — who can seejanārdana — he who looks after the public, Shree Krishna
English
Why should we not, who clearly see the evil in the destruction of families, learn to turn away from this sin, O Janardana (Krishna)?
परन्तु, हेे जनार्दन ! कुलक्षय से होने वाले दोष को जानने वाले हम लोगों को इस पाप से विरत होने के लिए क्यों नहीं सोचना चाहिये।
कुलक्षये प्रणश्यन्ति कुलधर्माः सनातनाः।
धर्मे नष्टे कुलं कृत्स्नमधर्मोऽभिभवत्युत
kula-kṣhaye praṇaśhyanti kula-dharmāḥ sanātanāḥ
dharme naṣhṭe kulaṁ kṛitsnam adharmo ’bhibhavaty uta
Word by word
kula-kṣhaye — in the destruction of a dynastypraṇaśhyanti — are vanquishedkula-dharmāḥ — family traditionssanātanāḥ — eternaldharme — religionnaṣhṭe — is destroyedkulam — familykṛitsnam — the wholeadharmaḥ — irreligionabhibhavati — overcomeuta — indeed
English
In the destruction of a family, the immemorial religious rites of that family perish; on the destruction of spirituality, impiety indeed, overwhelms the whole family.
कुल के नष्ट होने से सनातन धर्म नष्ट हो जाते हैं। धर्म नष्ट होने पर सम्पूर्ण कुल को अधर्म (पाप) दबा लेता है।
अधर्माभिभवात्कृष्ण प्रदुष्यन्ति कुलस्त्रियः।
स्त्रीषु दुष्टासु वार्ष्णेय जायते वर्णसङ्करः
adharmābhibhavāt kṛiṣhṇa praduṣhyanti kula-striyaḥ
strīṣhu duṣhṭāsu vārṣhṇeya jāyate varṇa-saṅkaraḥ
Word by word
adharma — irreligionabhibhavāt — preponderancekṛiṣhṇa — Shree Krishnapraduṣhyanti — become immoralkula-striyaḥ — women of the familystrīṣhu — of womenduṣhṭāsu — become immoralvārṣhṇeya — descendant of Vrishnijāyate — are bornvarṇa-saṅkaraḥ — unwanted progeny
English
O Krishna, by the prevalence of impiety, the women of the family become corrupt; and, when women are corrupted, O Varshenya (descendant of Vrishni), intermingling of castes arises.
हे कृष्ण ! पाप के अधिक बढ़ जाने से कुल की स्त्रियां दूषित हो जाती हैं, और हे वार्ष्णेय ! स्त्रियों के दूषित होने पर वर्णसंकर उत्पन्न होता है।
सङ्करो नरकायैव कुलघ्नानां कुलस्य च।
पतन्ति पितरो ह्येषां लुप्तपिण्डोदकक्रियाः
saṅkaro narakāyaiva kula-ghnānāṁ kulasya cha
patanti pitaro hy eṣhāṁ lupta-piṇḍodaka-kriyāḥ
Word by word
saṅkaraḥ — unwanted childrennarakāya — hellisheva — indeedkula-ghnānām — for those who destroy the familykulasya — of the familycha — alsopatanti — fallpitaraḥ — ancestorshi — verilyeṣhām — theirlupta — deprived ofpiṇḍodaka-kriyāḥ — performances of sacrificial offerings
English
Confusion of castes leads to hell for the slayers of the family, for their forebears fall, deprived of the offerings of rice-balls and libations of water.
वह वर्णसंकर कुलघातियों को और कुल को नरक में ले जाने का कारण बनता है। पिण्ड और जलदान की क्रिया से वंचित इनके पितर भी नरक में गिर जाते हैं।
दोषैरेतैः कुलघ्नानां वर्णसङ्करकारकैः।
उत्साद्यन्ते जातिधर्माः कुलधर्माश्च शाश्वताः
doṣhair etaiḥ kula-ghnānāṁ varṇa-saṅkara-kārakaiḥ
utsādyante jāti-dharmāḥ kula-dharmāśh cha śhāśhvatāḥ
Word by word
doṣhaiḥ — through evil deedsetaiḥ — thesekula-ghnānām — of those who destroy the familyvarṇa-saṅkara — unwanted progenykārakaiḥ — causingutsādyante — are ruinedjāti-dharmāḥ — social and family welfare activitieskula-dharmāḥ — family traditionscha — andśhāśhvatāḥ — eternal
English
By these evil deeds of the destroyers of the family, which cause confusion of castes, the eternal religious rites of the caste and the family are destroyed.
इन वर्णसंकर कारक दोषों से कुलघाती दोषों से सनातन कुलधर्म और जातिधर्म नष्ट हो जाते हैं।
उत्सन्नकुलधर्माणां मनुष्याणां जनार्दन।
नरकेऽनियतं वासो भवतीत्यनुशुश्रुम
utsanna-kula-dharmāṇāṁ manuṣhyāṇāṁ janārdana
narake ‘niyataṁ vāso bhavatītyanuśhuśhruma
Word by word
utsanna — destroyedkula-dharmāṇām — whose family traditionsmanuṣhyāṇām — of such human beingsjanārdana — he who looks after the public, Shree Krishnanarake — in hellaniyatam — indefinitevāsaḥ — dwellbhavati — isiti — thusanuśhuśhruma — I have heard from the learned
English
We have heard, O Janardana, that those men in whose families the religious practices have been destroyed are inevitably destined to dwell in hell for an unknown period.
हे जनार्दन ! हमने सुना है कि जिनके यहां कुल धर्म नष्ट हो जाता है, उन मनुष्यों का अनियत काल तक नरक में वास होता है।
अहो बत महत्पापं कर्तुं व्यवसिता वयम्।
यद्राज्यसुखलोभेन हन्तुं स्वजनमुद्यताः
aho bata mahat pāpaṁ kartuṁ vyavasitā vayam
yad rājya-sukha-lobhena hantuṁ sva-janam udyatāḥ
Word by word
aho — alasbata — howmahat — greatpāpam — sinskartum — to performvyavasitāḥ — have decidedvayam — weyat — becauserājya-sukha-lobhena — driven by the desire for kingly pleasurehantum — to killsva-janam — kinsmenudyatāḥ — intending
English
Alas! We are involved in a great sin, for we are prepared to kill our kinsmen, out of greed for the pleasures of a kingdom.
अहो ! शोक है कि हम लोग बड़ा भारी पाप करने का निश्चय कर बैठे हैं, जो कि इस राज्यसुख के लोभ से अपने कुटुम्ब का नाश करने के लिये तैयार हो गये हैं।
यदि मामप्रतीकारमशस्त्रं शस्त्रपाणयः।
धार्तराष्ट्रा रणे हन्युस्तन्मे क्षेमतरं भवेत्
yadi mām apratīkāram aśhastraṁ śhastra-pāṇayaḥ
dhārtarāṣhṭrā raṇe hanyus tan me kṣhemataraṁ bhavet
Word by word
yadi — ifmām — meapratīkāram — unresistingaśhastram — unarmedśhastra-pāṇayaḥ — those with weapons in handdhārtarāṣhṭrāḥ — the sons of Dhritarashtraraṇe — on the battlefieldhanyuḥ — shall killtat — thatme — to mekṣhema-taram — betterbhavet — would be
English
If the sons of Dhritarashtra, with weapons in hand, should slay me in battle, unresisting and unarmed, that would be better for me.
यदि मुझ शस्त्ररहित और प्रतिकार न करने वाले को ये शस्त्रधारी कौरव रण में मारें, तो भी वह मेरे लिये कल्याणकारक होगा।
सञ्जय उवाच
एवमुक्त्वाऽर्जुनः संख्ये रथोपस्थ उपाविशत्।
विसृज्य सशरं चापं शोकसंविग्नमानसः
sañjaya uvācha
evam uktvārjunaḥ saṅkhye rathopastha upāviśhat
visṛijya sa-śharaṁ chāpaṁ śhoka-saṁvigna-mānasaḥ
Word by word
sañjayaḥ uvācha — Sanjay saidevam uktvā — speaking thusarjunaḥ — Arjunsaṅkhye — in the battlefieldratha upasthe — on the chariotupāviśhat — satvisṛijya — casting asidesa-śharam — along with arrowschāpam — the bowśhoka — with griefsaṁvigna — distressedmānasaḥ — mind
English
Sanjaya said, Having thus spoken in the midst of the battlefield, Arjuna cast away his bow and arrow and, his mind overwhelmed with sorrow, sat down on the seat of the chariot.
संजय ने कहा -- रणभूमि (संख्ये) में शोक से उद्विग्न मनवाला अर्जुन इस प्रकार कहकर बाणसहित धनुष को त्याग कर रथ के पिछले भाग में बैठ गया।
Sanskrit, transliteration and word meanings from the open Bhagavad Gita dataset (github.com/gita/gita). English translation: Swami Sivananda. Hindi translation: Swami Tejomayananda.
